THE BLOODIED MOHAWK
NOTES ON THE
BATTLE OF ORISKANY


GEORGE ANTHONY, RWPA #S2341. Frederick Hiller, whose father was killed in the Battle of Oriskany, states he served with Anthony and Smith in Captain McKean's Company in 1779.


JOHN BALL, RWPA #W5767/BLWt #1197-200. . . . That in 1777 he served with that Regiment at Fort Stanwix -- That Said Fort in the months of July & August was besieged by the British & Indians under the Command of General Baron St Ledger which lasted for the term of twenty one days. That during said siege Col Willet was ordered out with a Detachment of two hundred men to make a Sortie upon the Enemy ,That after two Captains had refused to go out as Col Willet aid he Lieut Ball volunteered his Services to Col Willett who cheerfully accepted him remarking that he was about to tender the Station to him. That at about nine O clock A.M. the Detachment marched out against the Besiegers that as they Entered a grove of Wood on the Mohawk River about a half mile from the Fort, they were attacked by the Enemy commanded by Col Sir John Johnson with his Regiment and four companies of Tories commanded by Col Butler and as he was informed after the action and believes there were not less than three hundred Indians also opposed to the small Detachment. That after three Different engagements with the Enemy, the detachment drove them across the Mohawk River plundered and Destroyed Col Butlers Encampment and also an Indian encampment on the south side of the River about one mile from the Fort That on their Return laden with the spoils of the Enemy and as they emerged from the Woods into an open field in sight of the Fort; they were attacked by the Enemy commanded by Col Sir John Johnson with his Regiment and four Companies of Tories Companies of Tories commanded by Col Butler and as he was informed after the action and believes there were not less than three hundred Indians also opposed to the small detachment That a close & severe contest ensued in which the little band of Americans Stood opposed to not less than seven or eight hundred of the Enemy as the Prisoners and Deserters who entered the Fort afterwards acknowledged. As was ascertained by the watches of the American officers who viewed the battle from the Walls of the Fort, the Combat lasted for eleven minutes when the Enemy ceased to fire and retreated. The Detachment then gave three Cheers huzzaed for America and Protected by an over riding Providence marched triumphant to the Garrison laden with the trophies of Victory without the loss of a man or even the receipt of a scratch or wound and bringing with them as Prisoners Lieut Singleton & three soldiers of the British Army -- the day following General St Ledger Sent into the Fort a Flag born by Col Ancrum acting Adjutant Gen l of the British Army demanding an immediate Surrender of the Garrison using as a motive to it that unless the Fort and Garrison with and the American Forces as Prisoners of War stating that in case of refusal Gen l St Ledger would not be enabled longer to restrain the Savages from going down the Mohawk River and massacring the Women and Children with the tominghawk & knife as they were greatly enraged with the loss of two of their Chiefs and a number of their Warriors who had fallen in the battle the day before Col Ancrum represented the Enemies loss at twenty seven killed and many wounded.


PETER P. BELLINGER, RWPA #R731/RWPA #R372. He did not fight in the Battle of Oriskany, having been ordered back to Little Falls by General Herkimer. Peter states he met the party which was bearing the wounded general home, about three miles west of the General's home. [This may possibly have been the Bellinger who told J. R. Simms of the General having smoked his pipe and reading the 22 nd Psalms as he hemorrhaged to death [KDJ]].


JACOB BOWMAN. He served as a captain in the Canajoharie District Regiment of Militia and was killed in the Battle of Oriskany (Michael Venus, RWPA #R10928).


JOHN CASLER, RWPA #S12681. Adolph Pickard states he and Casler fought in the Battle of Oriskany; Casler being wounded in the battle.


MARKS CASLER, RWPA #R1785. At the time of the Oriskany Battle he was living with a daughter of Colonel Peter Bellinger's whose husband was killed in the said battle. Casler states Colonel Peter Bellinger's home was located three miles east of Fort Herkimer. Catherine Bellinger, a daughter of Colonel Peter Bellinger and a sister of Joseph Bellinger and Peter B. Bellinger, states she knew Casler well and that her husband was killed in the Battle of Oriskany.


JOHN CASSELMAN, RWPA #W18944. He married in the Lutheran Church of Stone Arabia, Montgomery County, New York Catharine Lepper, whose father Jacob Lepper was killed in the Battle of Oriskany when she was but twelve years old.


JOHN A. COONS, RWPA #R2292. He was a brother of Jacob Koon and Peter Koon. . . . This declarent was at fort Plank at the time that General Herkimer was Killed This Declarent he understood at that time That Colonel Gansevoort who commanded at fort Stanwix came to the assistance of General Herkimer _ General Herkimer had the command of the forces that lay at forts Herkimer fort Plank fort Plainsand fort Stanwix This Declarents Brother Jacob Koon was with General Herkimer at the time he was killed I this battle Also that James Quinau was Killed the Insign belonging to the Company of this Declarent . . . Peter Koon states that he knows of John's serving within Fort Plank for nine months in 1776, six months in 1777, and for six months in 1778. Peter also states that his brother served at least two weeks at Fort Plain in 1776.


JAMES DICKSON, RWPA #S22208. Concerning the Battle of Oriskany, James states 346 Patriot men were either killed or taken prisoner in the battle, and that only 130 Patriot men were left fit to perform military duties. He was elected an ensign in Captain Thomas Whitacker's Company of the Canajoharie District Regiment of Militia in October of 1777.


JOHN JACOB DIEFFENDORF, RWPA #S12772. He fought in the Battle of Johnstown, but did not fight in the Battle of Oriskanyas he and a few others were ordered back to Canajoharie by Captain Henry Diefendorf to arrest some disaffected persons. John states that while marching back towards Fort Schuyler they were met by militiamen retiring from the field of battle.


ANDREW DILLENBACH, RWPA #R2955. . He served as lieutenant commandant of Captain John Keyser Jr.'s Company of the Palatine District Regiment of Militia in the Battle of Oriskany and was killed by a musket ball which passed through his head.


JOHN DUESLER, RWPA #W16244. He fought in the Battle of Oriskany and states that his brother and Lieutenant [George] Rosner were killed in the battle.


SERVENUS DYGERT, RWPA #S23208. His father, a member of the Committee of Safety, took his place in the Battle of Oriskany and was killed.


WILLIAM FEETER, RWPA #S13013. He fought in the Battles of Oriskany, Stone Arabia, Klock's Field, and Johnstown. He states he was among those who carried the wounded Lieutenant Henry Timmerman from the Oriskany Battlefield to his home where he later died.


WILLIAM FINK, RWPA #S23218. William W. Fox states that William Fink's brothers John and Christian fought in the Battle of Oriskany and states that the said Christian Fink was mortally wounded in the said battle. Henry Murphy states that Christian Fink died at the Fink Family home of wounds received in Battle of Oriskany.


DENNIS AUGUSTUS FLANDERS, RWPA #S15123. Henry A. Flanders states he, Henry, was taken sick within Fort Herkimer during the Battle of Oriskany. See the file of Johan Jost Scholl.


GEORGE FOLS, RWPA #S13055. He served in Captain Hans Marks Demuth's Company of Rangers and was not engaged in the Battle of Oriskany.


CHRISTOPHER W. FOX. Jacob Snell states both of Captain Fox's arms were shattered in the Battle of Oriskany (John F. Empie, RWPA #S10629).


CHRISTOPHER Wm. FOX. Found within Jacket 121 of the National Archives Revolutionary War Rolls (Series M246) is a document entitled a Memoran[du]m how much money each man Capt Fox Christopher Wm. Fox's Company is to receive for the last Milage, Subsistance, and Pay Rolls which seems to pre-date the Battle of Oriskany as many named therein are noted to be missing from post August 1777 payrolls, includes the names of Christopher Fox; Cap t ; Peter Laux Lieu t ; Henry Miller d o ; Samuel Van Etten Ensign; Peter Paris Clerk; Peter Sutz Sergeant; Bartholomew Sheffer d o ; Sergeant George Snell d o ; John Casselman d o ; William Schultz d o ; John J. Schultz d o ; William Duzler d o ; John Streher Clerk; Drummer Jacob Snell; Fifer John Sutz; John Backus Corporal; Malger Bader d o ; Lewis Rickart d o ; Henry Becker d o ; Jacob Christman d o ; George Laux d o ; and, Lewis Nellis Private; Adam Emgen; Cunrad Hiltz; Henry Laux; John Fluno; William Laux ; Henry Shultz; Jacob Schultz; John Klock; John Staring; John Miller; John Ketman;John Ketman Jun r ; Thomas Keman; George Ketman; Frederick Empie; [torn] Empie; Baltus Koch; John Snell Sen r ; Adam Walter; Henry Salsman; John Christman; Adam Laux; Julius Bush; Christian Plapper; William G. Laux; William Fox; Peter Fox; Christopher Fox; John Shultz; Frederick Ketman; Peter A. Laux; Jost A Laux; George Moore; Casper Koch; John Lasher; Jacob Empie; John Salsman; Adam Gerster; William Jones; George Jaco; Garret Marseles; Richard Casselman; Peter Snell; John G. Snell; Christian Getman; George Salsman Sen r ; Philip Fykes; Jacob Walter; George Hawk; George Salsman, Jun r ; Christian Krass; George Reiser; Mathew Van Camp; William Strout; Michael Shareman; Richard Laux; Dewalt Merkill; Jacob Mekill, Henry Moore; George Kerwaga; James Billington; William P. Fox; Adam Coppernoll; Jacob Horn; Jost Snell; Henry M D. Markill; Cunrad Pease; William Kern; John Habels; Christopher Gerahn; Jacob Mohr; William Laux Sen r ; Henry Salsman Sen r ; Michael Bader Sen r ; William Laux, Jun r ; Jacob Laux; Philip Empie; John Empie, Jun r ; Peter Kiltz; Henry A. Laux; Christian Timmerman; Philip DeHarsh; Michael Bader Jun r ; John Casselman; John Casselman Jun r ; Bartholomew Casselman; Jeremiah Stoneberg; Peter Shutt; Henry Smith; Nicholas Smith; Cunrad Hart; Nicholas Wallarad; and Jacob Apley.


ADAM FRANK, RWPA #W16996. He and two of his brothers fought in the Battle of Oriskany, one being killed and the other wounded.


JOHN FRANK, RWPA #S23644 He states he fought in the Battle of Oriskany and that General Herkimer's Brigade encamped at Mr. Tompson's, about eight miles above Fort Dayton the night before the battle.


ADAM GARLOCK, RWPA #R3917. He was born about three miles from Fort Plain in Minden Township, Montgomery County, New York in 1767. He states that his father lived near General Herkimer's Home and that he lived with the General's family for a time prior to the general's death. Adam states a Doctor Wright was present when the General's leg was amputated, and that he, Adam, was present in the room when the General died.


JACOB GARLOCK, RWPA #S13119. He states that his father was killed in the Battle of Oriskany.


DANIEL HADCOCK, RWPA #S21258. He fought in the Battle of Oriskany as a corporal in Captain Henry Hoover's Company of the Kingsland and German Flatts District Regiment of Militia. He states that Captain Hoover was taken prisoner in the Battle of Oriskany.


DANIEL HART, RWPA #S13293. In 1777 he served in Captain Christian Getman's Company of Rangers and states their orderly sergeant was the same John Smith who had served with him in the First New York. Daniel states he fought in the Battle of Oriskany, but that Captain Getman did not.


CONRAD HAWN. On October 23, 1784 the children of Conrad Hahn were granted seven years half pay for the services of their father who was killed in the Battle of Oriskany while serving in the Canajoharie District Regiment of Militia (NYSA, Audited Accounts A: 121).


JOHN G. HELMER, RWPA #S22827. John states his brother-in-law, Captain Peter Bowman [edited] of the Canajoharie District Regiment of Militia, was killed in the Battle of Oriskany as was one of his, John's, brothers.


DANIEL HESS, RWPA #S22826. He states he did not fight in the Battle of Oriskany as he was sent back to Palatine with a letter from Colonel Klock to one of Colonel Klock's son in Palatine. David Hess states that he, David, was in the Battle of Oriskany, but Daniel was not. David also states he was at Fort Waggoner when Henry Nellis was shot.


JOHN N. HILTS, RWPA #W24434. George N. Hilts states he and John N. Hilts were brothers and nephews of Daniel Fox. George states John was sick at the time of the Battle of Oriskany and was thus saved from fighting therein.


HENRY HUBER, RWPA #W23355. Henry Walradt (who was born April 3, 1760) states he and Hoover were both taken prisoner in the Battle of Oriskany and that Hoover was in the command of a company during the said battle.


CHRISTIAN HUFNAGLE, RWPA #S23714. Peter N. Kiltz states Christian's father was killed in the Battle of Oriskany.


CONRAT KILS, RWPA #S13658. Conrad states that he was one of four men who carried the wounded John Snell to an Indian House four miles from the battleground and that Snell died therein the next day. Kils states an additional three American Rebels also died in the Indian house from wounds they received in the Battle of Oriskany. Jacob Snell states his, Snell's, only brother received three mortal wounds in the Battle of Oriskany from which he died on August 7, 1777, as well as losing a thumb to a musket shot. Snell states that his father was also killed in the Battle of Oriskany. George Loucks states that 18 of Captain Christopher W. Fox's Company were killed in the Battle of Oriskany along with Major Hermanus Van Slyck.


PETER N. KILS , RWPA #S13629.


JOHN LEATHERS, RWPA #W20452. Joseph Waggoner states that, in the Battle of Oriskany, an enemy soldier named Watts [brother-in-law of Sir John?!] was about to kill his father, Lieutenant Colonel Peter Waggoner, and that Leathers stepped out from behind a tree and shot and killed the said Watts.


GEORGE MICHAEL LONES, RWPA #W20522. George's son, Henry Lones, states his father fought in the Battle of Oriskany in Captain John Hess' Company of the Palatine District Regiment of Militia and lost the ends of three of his fingers, they being shot off by an Indian, and the hair above his shoulder cut by another. During the Battle of Oriskany, Lones took a British Officer prisoner and returned with him to Fort Plank. George also brought along the officer's horse which had upon it a Portmanteau which held the officers coat, linen and some other items. While at Fort Plank, Lones sold the officer's coat for six dollars to Johannes Walradt, but retained a pewter tea pot which the family kept.


ADAM A. LOUCKS, RWPA #W16637. Elisabeth Suts states her father was wounded in the Battle of Oriskany.


GEORGE MOUR, RWPA #S27210. He did not state his age when deposed on April 3, 1820. He was pensioned for wounds he received in both shoulders during the Battle of Oriskany.


HANHENDRICK MYERS, RWPA #W17195. David Hess, who acted as a violinist at Moyer's Wedding, states he did not fight in the Battle of Oriskany due to his becoming lame en route.


NICHOLAS MYERS, RWPA #W18546. He did not fight in the Battle of Oriskany as he was ordered to remain on guard at Fort Herkimer.


HONDEDERICK M. PETRIE, RWPA #R729. Hondederick was killed in the Battle of Oriskany along with Jacob Small of the Kingsland and German Flatts District Regiment of Militia. Mark Crantz (who was born on February 12, 1761), states he, Mark, did not fight in the Battle of Oriskany.


ADOLPHUS PICKARD, RWPA #S18162/RWPA #S43861. He received an Invalid's Pension September 22, 1786 for a wound he received in his left shoulder in the Battle of Oriskany.


JOHN PRICE, RWPA #R8469. He fought in the Battle of Oriskany in Captain Jacob Seeber's Company of the Canajoharie District Regiment of Militia and states Lieutenant Joseph Plant of Seeber's Company was killed a few days after the battle.


VICTOR PUTMAN, RWPA #S22944. Victor states he lost a brother in the Battle of Oriskany.


ABRAHAM J. QUACKENBOSS, RWPA #W16688. At the time of the Battle of Oriskany he was ordered to guard some of the army's horses and baggage and was thus not engaged in the battle. He states Captain Jacob Gardinier was severely wounded in the Battle of Oriskany.


DANIEL QUACKENBOSS, RWPA #S9463. He states he served in the Schoharie Valley and was stationed at Cherry Valley when the Battle of Oriskany was fought.


PETER J. QUACKENBOSS, RWPA #R8538. Concerning the events of the first week of August 1777, he states . . . That some time about the first of August 1777 This deponent was marched from the Town of Glen to Oriskany in the County of Oneida in Captain Gardineers Company of Militia to oppose the Tories of General St. Leger. Captain Gardineers Company including the Regiment Commanded by Col. Frederick Fisher marched on the south side of the Mohawk River as far as the Indian Castle a little above Fort Plain and then joined the forces Commanded by General Herkimer and near the place Genl. Herkimer Commanding there took a number of Tories & left them at Fort Dayton, with a guard to take care of them And continued on his march crossed the Mohawk River at Herkimer near the West Canada Creek & continued up the Mohawk River near Utica & then recrossed the River & passed up the South Side of the Mohawk River through Whitestown and Camped near Oriskany Creek. and on the next day about Nine OClock in the morning the Battle commenced between the Forces under the Command of General Herkimer & the British, Herkimers forces were surrounded by the British by falling in Ambush & suffered considerably. General Herkimer became Mortally Wounded: Captain Gardinier was wounded having been pierced in two places with the Bayonet near the hip joint. Col. Cox and Captain Davis both died of their wounds. and one Peter Covenhoven (had his thigh shot was shot with a Ball near the knee -- After the Battle the American forces returned down the Mohawk to Montgomery on the same Route as they advanced -- . . .


FREDERICK SAMMONS, RWPA #S11350. He did not fight in the Battle of Oriskany due to his having been sent as a scout to the southern frontiers.


JOHANN JOST SCHOLL, RWPA #W16396. Concerning the events of early August 1777, he states (two separate depositions): That while this Deponent was Ensign as aforesaid the Company was directed by General Herkimer to Escort and protect the baggage waggons attached to the Army under his command on their March up the Mohawk River to Oriskany -- that this Deponent was not Engaged in the Battle that took place there only so far as in the rout or defeat that Ensued (deposition of October 11, 1832). . . . they were called out to Oriskany, that Deponent was not actually engaged in the battle, that when his company came up which was the latter part of the Engagement the army commenced their retreat, that Deponent with his company were stationed to protect the baggage Waggons, and the Capt on consultation with his officers concluded to march the Company pass and join in the fight and let the baggage waggons go unprotected, that before they reached the place of action they sent the Americans on their retreat as above stated that after the battle they returned home . . . (deposition of November 20, 1833). Dennis Flanders states the Battle of Oriskany, Dennis states they then . . . proceeded to the Oriskany Flatts, that this was in harvest time, that the wheat was ripe & they did not harvest it until they returned -- that the Company was put by the Waggons to protect them from the Enemy that Johan Jost School was also there & was an officer, & thinks was an Ensign -- that after the Americans were routed they returned as they could to their homes -- that sone after the action command the Indians got, below the baggage waggons & the company retreated as they could leaving the Waggons; that Deponent was fired upon by an Indian, & tried to find him, to return the fire, that the ground was over grown with thistles & he could not see the Indian -- that one of his Comrades told him to retreat, that the Indians was reloading his piece and would shoot him down before he could find the Indian -- that he then retreated and very soon the rout was general Each man took his own course & got home as fast as he could -- that this battle was in the year 1777. Henry A. Flanders states . . . that he was present when the Committee of and Genl. Herkimer had their conversation about going to fight the Indians at Fort Stanwix which was just beyond Oriskany -- that the Genl wished to delay the movement of the forces from Herkimer until he should be reinforced, that the Committee were anxious that he should go, that one Helmer who was one of the Committee abused the Genl. and accused him of being afraid the Genl. said he could go better than others for he had no children, but he felt for his soldiers who had families and no one to depend on if they were killed -- that the Army shortly after set out for Fort Stanwix and deponent did not go with as above stated, but recollects when they came back, that Deponent had returned towards home as far as the Little Fall on the Mohawk River that he was very sick & unable to Eat & almost died in trying to get home -- . . .


PETER SNELL, RWPA #R9897. He fought in the Battle of Oriskany and states that of the seven Snells killed in the battle, two were his brothers.


HENRY SNOOK, RWPA #S11435. . . . Before the Oriskany Battle was fought between the Americans and British Captain Pettingell's Company & the Regiment Commanded by Col Frederick Fisher was ordered out to march to Oriskany in the County of Oneida: That Captain Pettingell s Company went up on the South side of the Mohawk River some on Foot and others on Horse back, until they arrived at Fort Plank a little above Fort Plain the place now called Fort Plain. That Col. Fisher gave orders that Horses should not be further used for the Troops to ride. And this deponent with two others were ordered back, with about fourteen head of Horses belonging to Captain Pettengell s Company and this deponent returned down the River to Florida with the Horses before mentioned and did not return That in the Oriskany Battle Captain Pettingell & John Pettingell James Phillips Peter Putman & Stephen Tuttle the prebaht guard Company, were killed in the Oriskany Battle . . .


JOHN SPANKNABLE, RWPA #W11519. He was captured by the British in the Battle of Oriskany and held until the war's close.


JOSEPH STERNBERGH, RWPA #S14579. He fought in the Battle of Oriskany and states Colonel Ebenezer Cox was killed early in the skirmish.


JOHN SPRACHER, RWPA #S14555. He John states he did not fight in the Battle of Oriskany, as he was ordered to remain behind and guard the home of General Nicholas Herkimer. He served in Captain John Lafler's Company of Batteaumen in 1778.


GEORGE WAGGONER, RWPA #S23989. He first entered the service as a substitute for his father and was severely wounded in the Battle of Oriskany, his left femur being fractured by a musket ball. He was carried to Fort Plank from the Oriskany Battlefield and spent well over three months recovering. John P. Miller states he & George both fought in the Battle of Oriskany and that he carried Waggoner back to Fort Plank.


ABRAHAM WOLLEBER, RWPA #R17772. He fought in the Battle of Oriskany along with his father and brothers John, Peter and Dederick Wolleber. John and Dederick Wolleber were killed in the battle.


JOHN WOLLEBER, RWPA #R11771/ John Woolaver, RWPA #W18375. In 1777 he fought in the Battle of Oriskany and accompanied the wounded general to his home, they being neighbors.


JOHN TIMERMAN, RWPA #R21795. Jacob J. Failing states that he served with John in Captain Christian's House's Company. Jacob states that John fought in the Battle of Oriskany and that together they carried the wounded Ensign Henry Timmerman home.


MOSES YOUNGLOVE , RWPA # W4410. Contains a transcript of the testimony of Moses Younglove before John Barclay Chairman of the Albany Committee, on December 29, 1777 concerning his captivity following the Battle of Oriskany. This document contains proof of the death of Mister Isaac Paris and Captain [ ] Martin of the Batteau Service after being taken unharmed in the Battle of Oriskany. This affidavit contains damning evidence concerning the inhumane actions of Mister Butler Senior [Colonel John Butler], Lieutenant [ ] McGinnes, Lieutenant [ ] Singleton of Sir John Johnson's Corps who had been wounded in the Battle of Oriskany; and [ ] Davis ( formerly known in Tryon County on the Mohawk river ). Younglove states that Barry Saint Leger offered twenty dollars for each American scalp taken.

JACOB ZIMMERMAN, RWPA #W20002. . . . That on the 15 July 1777 he still belonged to the said company where of Christian House was the Capt in the Regt of Infantry whereof Jacob Klock was the Col under the command of Genl Nicholas Herkimer – that there again came the said company – Regt were ordered into Service – the said Company was marched from the said Town of Oppenheim in the now County of Montgomery where he then resided, to the Unadilla River – Genl Herkimer & Col Cox held a Treaty with the Indians headed by Joseph Brant the celebrated Indian Chief. He supposes the Indians were not as strong in numbers as the forces under Genl Herkimer – That some time was consumed at the Unadilla – That Brant & some other Indians were allowed to enter the Camp of Genl Herkimer – That at first, he understood, they could make no definite arrangement of matters – The Indians were he well remembers at some time highly curaged – & fired into the air – Col Cox who was a bold & resolute man was offended at a threat, he understood, thrown out by Brant which enraged the Indians while negotiating – he understood that Cox should have said that if the Indians were for fighting, he was ready & this irritated the Indians & a battle was expected but Genl Herkimer & Brant who had been well acquainted with Each other before the war & were in friendly terms, as we always understood, seemed unwilling to come to a conflict – & at length they made a treaty or arrangement, as he understood by which a battle between them was avoided He then understood that Brant had agreed not to cross at any time the Oriskany Creek into the Settlement of the Inhabitants & that Genl Herkimer was at no time to cross the Oriskany Creek but remain on this side – That after the Treaty he was marched home in said Company & Regt over hills & through woods & was verbally discharged from this service on the 25 July 1777 – . . .

JOHN ZIMMERMAN, RWPA #W16489. Jacob J. Failing states that at the time of the Oriskany Battle, Lieutenant Zimmerman was sent back with a party of men to Johnstown.

Contact the Author | Errata | Mohawk Valley Maps & Sketches | Return to New Discoveries
Return to Home