LETTERS COMPOSED
BY
COLONEL
WILLIAM MALCOM

——————

Dr Governor                                       Albany Septr 14 1780

I am honored with your letter by Co Hays — My application for Pawling differs in Complexion from the Views of our Esopus friends — but that matter is Pawlings seeing it proposed will deliverd me from Embarresmt But at a considerable hazard I would buy at the Expense of one Company — You know the Circumstances of Dubois & Benscoten — Genl Ranslaer will tell you that Harper is a blockhead — pray confirm my order for Pawling & I will instantly detach a good Compy — Things begin to brighten up — I get Acquainted & the people begin to find out that they must either give up their passes or Rations — I hope now to hold all necessary posts — but must have Two Compys to fort Scuyler — The Nine months men will not amount to 200 — that is not sufficient to make a Garrison — at least it ought to be Stronger Two Months — what is to be done — Augment from the Three months men —— ?

The fellows who are officers have furloughed the men — what Scoundrells to be trusted with the lives & property of a Country —— Genl Ransaleer will report concerning this matter — If they attempt to serve as I find they have him I certainly will punish them Severly —

The following is our present State— Lt Col Livingston with Three Companys of Grahams

——————

            Hansons                                                          —— 60 —

Charlotte —Quoa — /no Return/

gone to the No frontier —

Major Woolsey with 2 Coys of Grahams        —— 100 —

part of the Yankey Troops                              —— 90 —

Vromans Quota of 3 mo men                          —— 25 —

a few Rifle men                                               —— 5

            at Schoharie ——                                                220

1th & 2d Regt — gone towards the Mohawk Communication — I sent Dubois on before, to Determine the Proprity of the whole, or what Number to Proceed to the upper posts — & he is also collecting or endavoring to Collect flour on the Route to Fort Scuyler to be ready against the 9 months men which Woolsey & Livingston are to relieve, shall assemble — on the same road — —

I remain to settle a thousand things here, the principal to Collect provisions for the Convoy & to get it forwarded — Dubois or me must be constantly here & at Schenectady —— I have Williams /as a man that will be neither be flatterd nor bullyed) to see my arrangements effected at this place/ if I do not they will eat here as fast all the Comys in the United States can purchase to morrow I go to Schenectady to confer wh Dubois who is come down loaded with materials for effecting our plans ——

——————

Dear Goverr                            Albany Septr 16 1780

I had the Honor of to write your Excellency a long letter by General Ranslaer a few days ago, in which I gave a particular report of the of the disposition of the Troops at that time — Dubois with his Regt is gone on to Fort House & will collect Harpur's Corps as he passes on the Communication I returned to this place but ought to meet Col Hay & to forward on provisions — If not disappointed I expect to go on next Tuesday with about 100 or 150 barrels of flour & fifty Cattle — the last Article depends on the faith of a N England Comy — My Regt is halted at Schenectady to escort this little supply —

I am persuaded that Pawlings is not to much wanted on the Frontiers of Esopus as for the proposed service — Major Dewitt will do as well there, but supposing him a better officer he will not answer my purpose on account of Rank — Harpur must go, if Pawling does not — and by all accounts he is not a proper person — Col Brown who is just come to Town informs me that some Companys of Harpurs have mutinyd on receiving the orders of march and that the officers are the Abbettors — not being willing to leave particular places — and he gives it as his Opinion that they are not a Corps to be trusted in the Garrison — However all the use I would make of the information is to be more particular in the Commanding Officer —

We shall not have 9 months men enough to form the Garrison — not more than 200 as far as I can yet find out — Bogert furlough'd the half of his men before he left Schoharie — & we have them to gather up as we can — I wish the General would send up a small Conl Regiment — but I rather think he Trusts to the State for the Frontiers & also the Garrison of fort Scuyler — This is a matter that you know more of than me — but depend upon it that when the Three months men are dismissed this Country will be in a Wretched Situation unless measures are taken to replace them with good men & good officers — I am now pretty well Convinced that the Country may be kept Quiet with good management, & a few good Troops —

I find some Militia about Schoharie pretending to be in Service — they will not obey Woolseys orders, & I have directed him to Discharge them especially as provisions are Scarce —

Co Hay goes up to Tryon County with me — and I hope to get every thing on a good footing — except the Garrison of Fort Scuyler — but I wish you to write for Co Pawling — Dewitt will be of no use — The Qr Master here has no money and what I had of you Sir is almost expended — I mean what I reserved for Contingencies which are very considerable — as I am obliged to Two or Three Officers constantly on Horseback — Hermanse expense & another on this side the River from Newburg near 1000 Dollars — the Continant ought to pay these Expenses, and I have called on the Qr Master to furnish Cash to the officers (who obliage me by riding about after your State Commissarys —) but he has neither money nor Credit —

— I wish Dutchess County would send on a part of their Quota — if not Warners Regiment will Leave Fort George for Want ——

I have Sent on a small supply to Fort Scuyler — that Garrison is Victualed to the 20 of October ——

I take liberty to inclose a letter to Mrs Malcom, — I beg the favor that Col Benson will forward it to Capt Mitchell ——

There is a large body of Indians & French refugees at Schenectady wch consume a World of Provisions — the latter have a good Claim to our bounty, but the former ar a pack of Scoundralls ——

Most Respectfully & Sincerely

Dear Governor

Mr Foght was a first

Lieut with me in the                 Your Mt ob Hble Servt

year 1776 — May 8th — he has                         W Malcom

lost that Commission — he requests,

a new Commission, giving him Rank from that time — if he had not lost his own Commission this Trouble would be needless —

His Excellency

Govr Clinton

——————

Dear Governor                                   Fort Ranselaer Sepr 25 1780

I am only this far on my Way to Fort Scuyler — there is something to be done at every post — and the Scarcity of provisions is a Constant difficulty — Flour in Abundance — but the Unpardonable Neglect of some one /I can not positively say who) has been such as to have not a barrell provided for it —

I might as well ask Col Harpur about the day of Judgement as about his Regiment — I really have not patience to mention instances of his Unofficer like condt — To Accommodate Dadys, Mamys Wifes &c I have Transferd Major Hughs — Drake & Lawrence wh good Subs to Harpurs Corps — This will make them Respectable, and Major Hughs will Conduct the Garrison, perhaps as well as those who have been longer Accustomed to separate Command — He has more Understanding & I am Convinced more Industry than any that I can assign for that Command — He will for the future be returned as of Harpurs Regt & Commanding at Fort Scuyler — have given Harpur a furlough — any time & place —

While there are so many women & children — the familys of men which have joind the Enemy & actually in their Service, Scatterd about in the County, it never will be at peace — The fellows lurk in the Woods, are fed by their wifes and Watch Opportunely to seize travellers & destroy property — It is absolutely right to send them by a flag to Canada — but although there is a Law of the State for the purpose Yet it is clear to me that the Magistrates have not Spirit to put it in force — Supposing them good, Yet as they may be left a prey in one month from this date — it is not strange that they should be afraid of multiplying their enemys or making them more inveterate — It is very dear to me that Military Law only ought to only in force here — indeed on one sense it is so already but as it is not declard neither the Civil nor Military know their line & the Inhabitants know not their Government — Establish Military Law — appoint some judicious & prudent but Spirited officers and I have no kind of doubt but a few troops with the aid of the Country woud keep the peace & defend the Country against any thing that the Enemy can spare from Canada — but I could wish that you would direct these Women to be Collected & sent off — There are a number of French people fed at Schenectady — I would recommend that they be sent some where in Ulster or Dutchess County — it is too great a tax on this part of the Country to furnish them with beef — The Indians devour a great deal of the best & Mr Fonda has in my opinion from the information I have occasionally received acted Generously to say no more in his arrangements with Col Hay — The first became his agent & then Contractor for the savages & applys what is procured in the first Capacity to the last use —

 — There is a Number of Rascally fellows here who under the denomination of Whigs — Rangers &c plunder without any distention — one among many reasons for my Wishing Military Law on the Frontiers

I have a letter from the General but not an answer — the sentiment is that I must do as well as I can as he does — but a magazine to be formed at Albany —

I have had no letter from Col Pawling — I really think he has missed an opportunity of exhibiting himself —

Col Dubois is stationed at this place and I acknowledge with much pleasure that I derive the greatest benefit from his attention judgement & prudence —— I hope the Wisdom of the Legislature has prepared some better Laws for enabling Co Hay to execute his office — I dayly experience all the faults of the first Law that he points out in his letter to you Sir on the subject ——

            How is our men to be paid — at what rate & in what money — & how is it to be procurd — the Vermont company will be discharged this wk ensuing — & Capt Blaksley inquires at me on this subject — the difference is so great that he says it will cost him more than the amount if he must follow the Paymr General — Can money be advand for him? I want a Commission for Alexr Stewart QrMaster to the first Regiment —— I ask questions concerning the pay on the presumption that you are acquainted with the Resolves of Congress better than any body else in the State —

I am adding something to the expense of this little fort — it the only thing that Keeps the inhabitants dry & there must be something to cover a few troops in Winter and to hold their provisions — a few boards /which we impress/ & nails is all the charge — the people are already in the know about the approaching 25 of Octr If there is any Law past or in intention to raise men I think some of our men would enlist — should this be the case the sooner the officers were notified the better —

We have Gentlemen that will make indeed already are excellent officers ——

To morrow I set forward to the Forts & expect to return to this place with Vanschaacks Regt in seven days my next excursion will be towards the Northern Frontiers — but I beg that Cattle may be sent on — if not the posts must be abandoned — every thing is now Quiet except these Sulking fellows — & the Country will be infested with them untill their familys are sent away —— which ought to be done while the season will admitt —— Is the french fleet reinforced and are the United forces going to attempt New York tis season? —— I have the Honor to be with much Respect

Dear Governor

Your most & obed & very

Hube Servt

W Malcom

On your return from Fort Schuyler you will hear from me more particulary with Respect to the future Measures to be taken for the Defence of the Frontiers — On The Accts of the Arrival of the 2d Division of the French Fleet which if To were premature if it arrives this Season it will I presume arrive too late for defensive Operations Agt N york — . . .

Govr Clinton

——————

Dear Sir                                              Albany Octr 8 1780

I got to this place last evening and had the Honor to receive your letter of the 2d Inst

            I shall instantly write to the Officer of the several Corps on the subject of raising the men for Frontier service, and answer your Excellencys Letter as soon as possible — There will be no kind of difficultly in procuring the number of officers — I shall make a Return in a few days —

But Sir — Hath the Legislature provided any means of subsisting these troops — We are at this time in a hored situation — I have made every shift, & done every thing that I believe can be done to work through — and I can do no more unless it is to take the poor peoples Mitila down which I can not bring which I can not think of — Col Hays assist can procure nothing — and nothing comes from the Countys below — This comes by Lh Lawrence with Mr Laird — one of your militia officers — he says that Sr John took him prisoner — others say that he as well his Captain (Wemp) went off of their own accord — which from every circumstance I believe is true — No body of sense or spirit in the County to handle him — For that reason as well as on account of his Information I think it best to send him to your Excellency — The ground on which Fort Scuyler stands will be thought to important to abandon — 150 men in my Opinion will defend it against any thing but a Regular body of Troops and heavy Cannon — that number might remain in it — and at the same time establish a strong post at or near the flatts — 800 men in Fort Scuyler would do some good — but the late establishment do none — & Tryon County Militia will no more be a Guard to Stores going that way — conducting 70 barrells of flour lost the fine Settlement of Conajohare — and I am well persuaded that if Fort Scuyler shall be invested there must be other Troops than the militia of this Quarter to relieve it — Bridges broke — Roads very bad — so much the case that in a few weeks they will be inpassible — For this reason I wish to get up another Convoy for the Winter subsistence — but I see no prospect of procuring it — not a Ration issued for four days past in this place — good evidence of the scarcity — or something — Can it be that Allen is negociating in Canada for the State of Vermont — Laird gives hints to this purpose — and that a part of the troops collecting at St Johns were to enable an expedition that way —

Brant is hovering on the Wt Frontiers — if we had provisions there would be no danger — more than burning a dog house in the distant Settlements — How shall [I] depose of Col Harpur — he is now at Schenectady — suppose your Excellency should reccomend that he kept near his Militia Regiment while Brant is on the borders — Fort Scuyler is yet to be Victualed for four months A lowest computation — it ought to be done this month — not an alon here for the purpose, nor do I hear of any coming from the lower Countys — Cattle can not be got here even for the troops on the River duty — I am told that Co Warner is dead — it is fortunate that Arnold is the growth of America — Is Jo Smith Hanged — Mr Lawrence perhaps can get some men below — if we could pay off our men I am sure we could get enough of them to engage —

Your Excellencys most obdt

& very huml Servant

W Malcom

I thank your

Excellency for

the news paper

——————

DrSirCamp — Albany Sepr 8 1780

I got to Albany yesterday morning — landed the Troops and they are now encamped above the Fort — I have sent one officer to Fort Edward and another to Schoharie for Returns &c, & with orders for those Troops to prepare to march — Rendezvouse at Schenectady, where I shall endeavour to have A Quantity of provisions ready against they assemble which they shall carry with them to Fort Scuyler — But Sir — no provisions here, nor no one to get it — Mr Lush can give me no encouragement nor thinks it proper to make any written report — which I called for to Transmitt to your Excellency — The press warrent will not be of much use — Mills Dry — the wheel to Collect — no body to do it unless I appoint officers — the people here do not seem to care a farthing what comes of any thing but their scalps — Brant is their best Doctor

I pray you Sir urge the State Agents to send us up supply, they ought to be now here & forwardd one in Several convoys for the Winter subsistence of Fort Scuyler — I want hard bread for my own Troops that go into the Woods — no flour bake in — 500 & odd Rations drawn here — in the City only by the Lord knows what they do for it —— I shall by & by know more of that —— I wish to have the Commissioners & Mr Gislers Signd ——

Benscoten goes with my Regt to Schenectady at a Venture — he must feed himself as he can — I send him on because the people above grow doubtful of aid ——

Recd Lawrence Lieut — appd 11 May —

Vermont [placed sideways to the document is the names of the following officers].

Jonas Rice————

Joseph Joy————Lieut abt ye 1 or 15 July

Zachariah Gilson

Jas Blakesly ————Capt ———— do

Mr W Bade I know not

what Commission — he appears

as yet to be oldest Lieut in Col

Dubois Regt ——

your Excellencys

most obed Hbl Sert

I am so impatient about W Malcom

getting in motion that I

send an officer on to press Co Hay & to give your

Excellency information

[The Lawrence Lieut referred to By Mr. Malcom is Jonathan Lawrence, Junior.]

——————

Dr Goverr Camp at Albany Sepr 9 1780

I had the Honor to write you by Mr Hermanse, who went down this morning — My plan is to have /if possible/ provisions & Troops collect as near as possible to one time at Schenectady & Canejohie for provns my dependence I find is entirely on the lower Countys i e for Beef particularly —

I now feel myself at some loss abt the officer to command at Fort Scuyler — I need not trouble your Excelleny with a tedious explanation of this Matter — You know or can at once Suggest every circumstance —— On the whole I think it must be Pawling who can be spared from his present duty — but I do not think it proper to call him without cosulting you — If on consideration of all Circumstances you shall approve of the measure, be pleased to forward the inclosed; or an order from your self as you may think fitt — You know Dubois case & so do you as I am told Benscotens — I wish to have them both with the Troops — & it i cruel to place them there — Livingston & Woolsey go off to the flanks —

a Scout has appeared on the road between Fort George & Fort Edwd — Killed a Lieut Coon & Hopkins, & Wounded Col Warner — Ten days more /provisions/ & we make all feaceable —— a Commission for Mr Vromen — forgot pray sign the inclosed ——

                                                most Respectfully

                                                            your Excellencys

                                                                        very Obt Servt

                                                                                    W Malcom

—— The Commanding officer at Fort George has this day given notice that he has not a Ration — & must evacuate the post —— he called for Waggons to bring him off — this among other things evinces the necessity of sending us provisions — the Frontiers there are of consequence — I can get it when some get finly a going ——

——————

Sir Fort Ranslaer Octr 3 1780

I marched from this post the 27 alto with Harpurs Regiment under the Command of Major Hughs having thirteen boats loaded with flour for the Garrison of Fort Scuyler under our Convoy — About four miles above Fort Herkimer we discovered a party of the Enemy consisting chiefly of Indians — They were advantageously posted, but we charged & put them Routed them in a few minutes two Indians were left on the field at least we have not good evidence of any more — about thirty blankets a number of Kettles Hatchets & other Indian Equipage were collected on the field which in their flight they threw away — The troops behaved with the greatest Spirit on the Occasion —

Nothing further happened to us on the on the March — I returned with Van Schaaks Regiment which will be at Fort Hunter this evening — I wrote to your Excellency about the 25th from this place that I had put Major Hughs with Harpurs Regiment Regt in the place of Major Chapman who declined going to the Westward & showed me a letter from you promising that he should not be called from the Northern Frontiers — I have also put Lawrences company of 9 Monthsers into this Regt and Capt Drake to Chapmans Company — So that the Corps is now much better than it was — I hope your Excellency will approve of those changes —

On my Return I found Col Pawling at Fort Herkimer — but four days too late — I could not think of superceeding Hughs after he had put himself to much inconvenience & trouble by going off with only half an hours Notice — for I waited untill the very last Expecting Pawling — However Albert is very willing to Return to his Regt — that he may see the Country I have sent him on with about forty head of Cattle which on an average may weigh 200d

It is most unaccountable that no Cattle or indeed any thing else comes from Dutchess & Ulster — at some of the posts the Troops have been obliged to take Milch Cows from the poor Inhabitants —

Inclosed is a state of Harpurs Regt it is as strong as Van Schaaks — but be that as it may — it is not worth while to send up three months men for three weeks — but even were it not so, we want them to Escort provisions — which must be set in small Quantity — & we must also employ partys to assist the poor people in gathering their corn — the only subsistence which many of them will have this winter — and there are a great many from G. Town that have nothing — Churches and little forts full of women Children, numbers of them almost naked — the men are almost all killed or prisoner — what will be done with these poor creatures Surely they have a greater claim upon the Country than the bundille of savages that are fed very highly at Schenectady — I really think the women & Children with what little Corn they have should be Carried down to Schenectady & provided for in the barracks this winter — in that time the Children would get good people that would take them on some term — and I would recommend Domine Gross who appears the only man of sense or Integrity that I have as yet met with as their Guardian up here — many of the men whose names I have heard sounded as great patriots &c below I find are both public & private plunderers — I wish you were here only one Week to hear a few stories concerning some of them ——

I shall go down to Schenectady in Two or Three days and endeavor to get more stores for Fort Scuyler — I expect in eight days to send another Convoy there —

By An Indian deserter from the party which we routed reports that there are a Number of the Enemy at Bucks Island; that there is a body collecting at St Johns — that the garrison of Nigara are sickly — By another Channell I am told that stroke is to be made — at German Flatts — Schenectady — & the Grants — I shall send a man down who reports their scheme —

There is a large Quantity of leathr at Johnstown forfeited to the state Mr Harper the Commissioner Delivd large Quantitys to His brother on pretence of its being for the use of his Regt — and the people seem to think that there will be but a Flemish account of it as well as many other things — It is opinion that it should be Valued & sent to Cadmens or Black & made into shoes for your Troops — I know nothing about the Law — but if you shall think it right I will cause it to be sent down for this purpose —

It will necessary for me to know whether it is expected that I am to remain in this department after the Three Months men go — there will then be no Troops but Warners Regt & the Garrison of Fort Scuyler — unless Provision has been made to Raise them by the Legislature — if not it is past a doubt that the Country will be totally destroyed — I am Sure that the enemy mean to depopulate this fine County — which will be a public as well private Loss — I am persuaded that the Mohawk River settlets could furnish bread for the Army — if protected ——

Fort Scuyler in my opinion ought be destroyed, and the fort reestablished about one mile above Fort Herkemer — we support that garrison at a great Risque & expense — both increesing — and it affords no kind of Safety to the Country — If you was here I am sure you would see the propriety of this measure — I report this opinion to the General — I wish you to take into Consideration —

Most Respectfully

your Excellencys

most Ob & very Hble

W Malcom

——————

Albany Octr 11 1780

DrGovr

I had the Honor to write you by Lt Lawrence who brought down a Son of a B — h of a Tory Lt — nothing has happened since that time, only that a few of the Enemy appeared at the Fall Hill & Caught some milling people which we cannot help — they are so Stupid or indifferent that all the Notice that can & has been given will not induce them to take care — I hear an Express is gone down — which perhaps may alarm you — but it need not — for Dubois & the Officers at the posts are under no uneasiness —

I have got Genl Tenbock to order Vroman to support Woolsey at Schoharie if needfull — I am only uneasy about that place — But Sir, unless we have provisions, the Troops must come off, much less can we afford to order out Militia even if the Enemy come in force — The Law is not yet come to hand

                                                            Your Excellency

                                                            Most obd & very

                                                             Hble Servt

                                                                        W Malcom

——————

Dr Sir Albany Ocr 12 1780 —

More bad news — Mr LeRoy just now informs of the loss of Fort George — I am very much at a loss what to do — It is the opinions of some that the Enemy will now return — I am not of that Sentiment — The Militia come out but very slow, — what embarrasses us more is the want of Provisions — I only wrote to Genl Ranslaer this morning for 800 men — at that time I had no idea of so formidable a force being out — As Mr LeRoy can give full inofrmation, Your Excellency will be Hereby enabled to send him such orders as shall appear necessary— All his Brigade will not be too many — In my letter this morning I mentioned the propriety of Calling for some Continental Troops — it seems that the Regiment now here cannot be Carried back — they are on board the sloops & will Sail in the morning — It is of all things most necessary that you come up — To the Westward nothing new since my last letter — or rather Mr Lush's ——

Your Excellencys

most obd Servant

                                                                                    W Malcom

——————

Albany Octr 13 1780 —

Sir

A Body of the Enemy — numbers very uncertain — from 400 to 850 — as is said come from Canada — landed at So Bay & took Fort Ann on Tuesday where was a Capt Sherwood with 60 men — landed on Summon's —— they were to Hudsons River & burnt several Houses about Fort Edward — Yesterday they went on towards the Lake — the militia are ordered out & I wished that Co Vanschaacks Regiment would have marched also, but the Colonel thinks the men would Desert — I expect more particulars every hour which I waite for to Determine the propriety of Calling for Troops from Genl Ranslaer — Genl Ten Brock thinks it right to reserve the City Regt & Schenectady — for Mohawk River Service — in case the Enemy shall attempt any thing there which is expected Your Excellency shall have more particular accounts of these matters as soon possible —

                                                            Your Excellencys

                                                              most Obedient

                                                             W Malcom

If we had men

wee have nor can

get provisions —

Genl Ten Brock thinks

it will be difficult

to get the Militia out

on this And — we have Notice of a Considerable body being on their march at Saratoga — Nothing from the Grants — I suspect all is not sound —— Since writing the above I have an Express from Major Hughs — the Enemy are at Oneida — an Indian deserter says they have Cannon & Mortars — a 5 Inch shell in every & any pack — that they are very Strong —Sr John Butler & Brant are with them —

                        It will therefor be proper to augment our force

The Militia is a poor Dependence — VanSchaacks Corps it seems cannot go on this service — it surely then will be right to have other Troops sent on — I shall collect the Militia — Provisions must be sent on — our we are ruined —

            DrSir

Yours ofth Dated this Nesshoke the 13th I have this Moment received — Mr Lakey arrived here about one this morning — I have ordered to your assistance the whole of Renselaers Brigade & Graham's Regt what we shall do for Provisions God only knows, I will set out for Albany this Evening

                                                                        Yours sincerely

Kingston 14th Octobr 1780 GC

Colo Malcom

I am persuaded all is not

sound & I believe their Plott deep laid

——————
Dr SirAlbany, Novr 3—1780

I am this moment returned from another excursion — the enemy (it is said 200 of them) appeared at the flatts — scalped 2 or 3 straggling people & on pushing a few of the little garrisons &c they disappeared — The Garrison of Fort Scuyler was in distress by many circumstances — it was absolutely necessary to Support it — With much trouble I have got Wisenfels forwarded to the 1th of Janry — Not withstanding the alarm to the Northward. I thought it of importance to sure this post — What of the Leveys are come in are gone up Hudson — only 60 — the accounts are all from Genl Scuyler & he hath collected them from Webster &c all in armarement / — but if it is true that they have passed Lake George as I believe it is — no doubt but they have more in contemplation than precede — I am yet undetermined what to do — if I could take command I would in a moment go up — let me know any situation — If I can anything particularly movving — you shall know

most respectfully

Wm Malcom

——————

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